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    <p class="seo-highlighter">This is a letter signed by among many:
      Noam Chomsky,  Margaret Attwood and surprisingly for me, David
      Frum.<br>
    </p>
    <p class="seo-highlighter">Especially when it come to official
      pronouncements of the medical and political community there seems
      to be anger for those who hold opinions that are not part of the
      official consensus.  <br>
    </p>
    <p class="seo-highlighter">To test this thesis my next email to the
      group will be from a Nobel prize winner expressing a view that
      seems to be a political heresy.<br>
    </p>
    <p class="seo-highlighter">Art<br>
    </p>
    <h1 class="seo-highlighter">A Letter on Justice and Open Debate</h1>
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    <p><strong>July 7, 2020</strong><br>
      <em>The below letter will be appearing in the Letters section of
        the magazine’s October issue. We welcome responses at
        <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:letters@harpers.org">letters@harpers.org</a></em></p>
    <p><span style="font-size: 1.5em;">Our cultural institutions are
        facing a moment of trial. Powerful protests for racial and
        social justice are leading to overdue demands for police reform,
        along with wider calls for greater equality and inclusion across
        our society, not least in higher education, journalism,
        philanthropy, and the arts. But this needed reckoning has also
        intensified a new set of moral attitudes and political
        commitments that tend to weaken our norms of open debate and
        toleration of differences in favor of ideological conformity. As
        we applaud the first development, we also raise our voices
        against the second. The forces of illiberalism are gaining
        strength throughout the world and have a powerful ally in Donald
        Trump, who represents a real threat to democracy. But resistance
        must not be allowed to harden into its own brand of dogma or
        coercion—which right-wing demagogues are already exploiting. The
        democratic inclusion we want can be achieved only if we speak
        out against the intolerant climate that has set in on all sides.</span></p>
    <p><span style="font-size: 1.5em;">The free exchange of information
        and ideas, the lifeblood of a liberal society, is daily becoming
        more constricted. While we have come to expect this on the
        radical right, censoriousness is also spreading more widely in
        our culture: an intolerance of opposing views, a vogue for
        public shaming and ostracism, and the tendency to dissolve
        complex policy issues in a blinding moral certainty. We uphold
        the value of robust and even caustic counter-speech from all
        quarters. But it is now all too common to hear calls for swift
        and severe retribution in response to perceived transgressions
        of speech and thought. More troubling still, institutional
        leaders, in a spirit of panicked damage control, are delivering
        hasty and disproportionate punishments instead of considered
        reforms. Editors are fired for running controversial pieces;
        books are withdrawn for alleged inauthenticity; journalists are
        barred from writing on certain topics; professors are
        investigated for quoting works of literature in class; a
        researcher is fired for circulating a peer-reviewed academic
        study; and the heads of organizations are ousted for what are
        sometimes just clumsy mistakes. Whatever the arguments around
        each particular incident, the result has been to steadily narrow
        the boundaries of what can be said without the threat of
        reprisal. We are already paying the price in greater risk
        aversion among writers, artists, and journalists who fear for
        their livelihoods if they depart from the consensus, or even
        lack sufficient zeal in agreement.</span></p>
    <p><span style="font-size: 1.5em;">This stifling atmosphere will
        ultimately harm the most vital causes of our time. The
        restriction of debate, whether by a repressive government or an
        intolerant society, invariably hurts those who lack power and
        makes everyone less capable of democratic participation. The way
        to defeat bad ideas is by exposure, argument, and persuasion,
        not by trying to silence or wish them away. We refuse any false
        choice between justice and freedom, which cannot exist without
        each other. As writers we need a culture that leaves us room for
        experimentation, risk taking, and even mistakes. We need to
        preserve the possibility of good-faith disagreement without dire
        professional consequences. If we won’t defend the very thing on
        which our work depends, we shouldn’t expect the public or the
        state to defend it for us.</span></p>
    <table style="width: 100%;">
      <tbody>
        <tr style="border-spacing: 10; vspace: 5;" valign="top">
          <td style="padding: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 1.5em;"><strong>Elliot
                Ackerman</strong><br>
              <strong>Saladin Ambar</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Rutgers University</span><br>
              <strong>Martin Amis</strong><br>
              <strong>Anne Applebaum</strong><br>
              <strong>Marie Arana</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>Margaret Atwood</strong><br>
              <strong>John Banville</strong><br>
              <strong>Mia Bay</strong>, <span style="font-size: .8em;">historian</span><br>
              <strong>Louis Begley</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Roger Berkowitz</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Bard College</span><br>
              <strong>Paul Berman</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Sheri Berman</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Barnard College</span><br>
              <strong>Reginald Dwayne Betts</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">poet</span><br>
              <strong>Neil Blair</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">agent</span><br>
              <strong>David W. Blight</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Yale University</span><br>
              <strong>Jennifer Finney Boylan</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>David Bromwich</strong><br>
              <strong>David Brooks</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">columnist</span><br>
              <strong>Ian Buruma</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Bard College</span><br>
              <strong>Lea Carpenter</strong><br>
              <strong>Noam Chomsky</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">MIT (emeritus)</span><br>
              <strong>Nicholas A. Christakis</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Yale University</span><br>
              <strong>Roger Cohen</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Ambassador Frances D. Cook</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">ret.</span><br>
              <strong>Drucilla Cornell</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Founder, uBuntu Project</span><br>
              <strong>Kamel Daoud</strong><br>
              <strong>Meghan Daum</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Gerald Early</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Washington University-St. Louis</span><br>
              <strong>Jeffrey Eugenides</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Dexter Filkins</strong><br>
              <strong>Federico Finchelstein</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">The New School</span><br>
              <strong>Caitlin Flanagan</strong><br>
              <strong>Richard T. Ford</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Stanford Law School</span><br>
              <strong>Kmele Foster</strong><br>
              <strong>David Frum</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist</span><br>
              <strong>Francis Fukuyama</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Stanford University</span><br>
              <strong>Atul Gawande</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Harvard University</span><br>
              <strong>Todd Gitlin</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Columbia University</span><br>
              <strong>Kim Ghattas</strong><br>
              <strong>Malcolm Gladwell</strong><br>
              <strong>Michelle Goldberg</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">columnist</span><br>
              <strong>Rebecca Goldstein</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Anthony Grafton</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Princeton University</span><br>
              <strong>David Greenberg</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Rutgers University</span><br>
              <strong>Linda Greenhouse</strong><br>
              <strong>Rinne B. Groff</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">playwright</span><br>
              <strong>Sarah Haider</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">activist</span><br>
              <strong>Jonathan Haidt</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">NYU-Stern</span><br>
              <strong>Roya Hakakian</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Shadi Hamid</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Brookings Institution</span><br>
              <strong>Jeet Heer</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">The Nation</span><br>
              <strong>Katie Herzog</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">podcast host</span><br>
              <strong>Susannah Heschel</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Dartmouth College</span><br>
              <strong>Adam Hochschild</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>Arlie Russell Hochschild</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>Eva Hoffman</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Coleman Hughes</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer/Manhattan Institute</span><br>
              <strong>Hussein Ibish</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Arab Gulf States Institute</span><br>
              <strong>Michael Ignatieff</strong><br>
              <strong>Zaid Jilani</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist</span><br>
              <strong>Bill T. Jones</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">New York Live Arts</span><br>
              <strong>Wendy Kaminer</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Matthew Karp</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Princeton University</span><br>
              <strong>Garry Kasparov</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Renew Democracy Initiative</span><br>
              <strong>Daniel Kehlmann</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Randall Kennedy</strong><br>
              <strong>Khaled Khalifa</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Parag Khanna</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>Laura Kipnis</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Northwestern University</span><br>
              <strong>Frances Kissling</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Center for Health, Ethics,
                Social Policy</span><br>
              <strong>Enrique Krauze</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">historian</span><br>
              <strong>Anthony Kronman</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Yale University</span><br>
              <strong>Joy Ladin</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Yeshiva University</span><br>
              <strong>Nicholas Lemann</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Columbia University</span><br>
              <strong>Mark Lilla</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Columbia University</span><br>
              <strong>Susie Linfield</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">New York University</span><br>
              <strong>Damon Linker</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Dahlia Lithwick</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Slate<br>
              </span><strong>Steven Lukes</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">New York University</span><br>
              <strong>John R. MacArthur</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">publisher, writer</span><br>
            </span></td>
          <td style="padding: 10px; width: 50.4296%;"><span
              style="font-size: 1.5em;"><strong>Susan Madrak</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><strong><br>
                Phoebe Maltz Bovy</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Greil Marcus</strong><br>
              <strong>Wynton Marsalis</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Jazz at Lincoln Center</span><br>
              <strong>Kati Marton</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">author</span><br>
              <strong>Debra Mashek</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">scholar</span><br>
              <strong>Deirdre McCloskey</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">University of Illinois at
                Chicago</span><br>
              <strong>John McWhorter</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Columbia University</span><br>
              <strong>Uday Mehta</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">City University of New York</span><br>
              <strong>Andrew Moravcsik</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Princeton University</span><br>
              <strong>Yascha Mounk</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Persuasion</span><br>
            </span><span style="font-size: 1.5em;"><strong>Samuel Moyn</strong>,
              <span style="font-size: .8em;">Yale University</span><br>
            </span><span style="font-size: 1.5em;"><strong>Meera Nanda</strong>,
              <span style="font-size: .8em;">writer and teacher</span><br>
              <strong>Cary Nelson</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</span><br>
              <strong>Olivia Nuzzi</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">New York Magazine</span><br>
              <strong>Mark Oppenheimer</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Yale University</span><br>
              <strong>Dael Orlandersmith</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer/performer</span><br>
              <strong>George Packer</strong><br>
              <strong>Nell Irvin Painter</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Princeton University (emerita)</span><br>
              <strong>Greg Pardlo</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Rutgers University – Camden</span><br>
              <strong>Orlando Patterson</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Harvard University</span><br>
              <strong>Steven Pinker</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Harvard University</span><strong><br>
                Letty Cottin Pogrebin<br>
                Katha Pollitt</strong>, <span style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Claire Bond Potter</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">The New School</span><br>
              <strong>Taufiq Rahim</strong><br>
              <strong>Zia Haider Rahman</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Jennifer Ratner-Rosenhagen</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">University of Wisconsin</span><br>
              <strong>Jonathan Rauch</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Brookings Institution/The Atlantic</span><br>
              <strong>Neil Roberts</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">political theorist</span><br>
              <strong>Melvin Rogers</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Brown University</span><br>
              <strong>Kat Rosenfield</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Loretta J. Ross</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Smith College</span><br>
              <strong>J.K. Rowling</strong><br>
              <strong>Salman Rushdie</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">New York University</span><br>
              <strong>Karim Sadjadpour</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Carnegie Endowment</span><br>
              <strong>Daryl Michael Scott</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Howard University</span><br>
              <strong>Diana Senechal</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">teacher and writer</span><br>
              <strong>Jennifer Senior</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">columnist</span><br>
              <strong>Judith Shulevitz</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Jesse Singal</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist</span><br>
              <strong>Anne-Marie Slaughter</strong><br>
              <strong>Andrew Solomon</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Deborah Solomon</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">critic and biographer</span><br>
              <strong>Allison Stanger</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Middlebury College</span><br>
              <strong>Paul Starr</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">American Prospect/Princeton University</span><br>
              <strong>Wendell Steavenson</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Gloria Steinem</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">writer and activist</span><br>
              <strong>Nadine Strossen</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">New York Law School</span><br>
              <strong>Ronald S. Sullivan Jr.</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">Harvard Law School</span><br>
              <strong>Kian Tajbakhsh</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Columbia University</span><br>
              <strong>Zephyr Teachout</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Fordham University</span><br>
              <strong>Cynthia Tucker</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">University of South Alabama</span><br>
              <strong>Adaner Usmani</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Harvard University</span><br>
              <strong>Chloe Valdary</strong><br>
              <strong>Helen Vendler</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Harvard University</span><br>
              <strong>Judy B. Walzer</strong><br>
              <strong>Michael Walzer</strong><br>
              <strong>Eric K. Washington</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">historian</span><br>
              <strong>Caroline Weber</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">historian</span><br>
              <strong>Randi Weingarten</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">American Federation of Teachers</span><br>
              <strong>Bari Weiss</strong><br>
              <strong>Sean Wilentz</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">Princeton University</span><br>
              <strong>Garry Wills</strong><br>
              <strong>Thomas Chatterton Williams</strong>, <span
                style="font-size: .8em;">writer</span><br>
              <strong>Robert F. Worth</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist and author</span><br>
              <strong>Molly Worthen</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</span><br>
              <strong>Matthew Yglesias</strong><br>
              <strong>Emily Yoffe</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist</span><br>
              <strong>Cathy Young</strong>, <span style="font-size:
                .8em;">journalist</span><br>
              <strong>Fareed Zakaria</strong></span></td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
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