'Bypassing the democratic process' and hotmail test

Mon Feb 21 11:27:04 PST 2022

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A Q&A on the Emergencies Act with Noa Mendelsohn Aviv of the Canadian 
Civil Liberties Association 
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<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkUuP2jAQgH8NuREljhOcgw8tLBTEY1dCy7aXyBkPiSE4qe1sNvz6mnKoqnkc5q35QDisWjPyrrUueLjCjR1yjYNt0Dk0QW_RFEryWZxRwnIWSE5lzFIWKFucDeJNqIY702PQ9WWjQDjV6kdHymhOoqDmWZYCzAjEcGYlTQlJciYiGZeSnhkB9lwseqlQA3L8RDO2GoOG1851dpJ8m5ClVyeMqFE3OIa2L60TcA2hvflM560cO2Gt0tXU1TiVeGvB-Ftg2pkW0PoxS9deUU-SBY6bGMj7-EGa6_rSJrvjz2h3qdLDfFDitIx87Gt_eYt3i_XXfvFy3843HSQ7dVCbQZ7Wbn-sosNxPazVoCB5V75ewSq_y3k8_jotL3LVfJZqk4fuTcnod74dugxklr_9qJtFos8vK_e9X94_DrRhWL-a7aulgeIkIl7jLKYkISwkoWQMGKJEJpmEvAzr2R2IlnZCo1tF_vtCYLgwzieU9kyNaGytzi4E8cBS-IJbr5UbC9SibFA-ibkn-L8Miwo1-o-hLITjnnbqb6Fe8vgJyCOljHl8EQv8Ztn6Ls3_QfkDjkTI9A> 

  'Bypassing the democratic process'
  <https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkktzmzAQxz-NuZkB8bA4cEjsOiYpdJxxPXEujB4LyAZBJZFE_vSV6850OlrpoH39Z3_LiIF2VDafRm2821MbO0Eu4VP3YAwob9agasHzVZjGCGfY43nMQ5xgT-i6UQADEX1u1AzeNNNeMGLEKG8ZCY4zFHhdnnLUkIw3QUjDCMUkDVaMpk2aAs8oouG9MZm5AMkghw9QdpTg9XlnzKQX0cMCbZ0ZokgHsgfr65lqQ9jFZ-PgPJO71E5EayHbpelgyWEYmXJa2HJSIwPtymzNeAG5iDZgn0OGjvYN9ZfiPEbl4RSU5zb5sf4U7Cm78m02va-LtNq0cXUobLlpdTH0HXd_t9jq8GDLw_6rtJ-CvFVXV0Ow3VF8P_yMq83FlutCF7IKT6JIC_n4waK9YcOxO0WvE0WxaPY-JevguKP7hPUvslqeNT79ujzuvs3t5v2UPEX06-VZNVUZkMITOQqQszANYxQh7COfY8wwAAfMMWcZ9bvVlSHJ9SIOhhb9Nx9P5UQZ5xDS0Vak151ojM_IDVjtAoZZCmNrkIT2wO8szX0l_tCtW5DgZgm8JiZ3e5A4LbE72V90DnaMceI0Ys915qPLkvk_XL8BNNLRJA>

      A Q&A on the Emergencies Act with Noa Mendelsohn Aviv of the
      Canadian Civil Liberties Association

<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkMFuhSAQRb_msasBRB0XLLrpbxhkxicpDw2MbezXF-ummckEAjd37vGO6bnl0-5bYXGNic-dbKLvEomZsjgK5SmgHVRvNIwg0BpU0IEIZVoy0cuFaDkfJPZjjsE7Dlu6FB2YUUuxWrkMo-xm9I56NGboJbazAzU6GLFV8jZ2BwZKnix9UT63RCLalXkvj_b9oT9ql2Mu7Pxn47dXve55W0KkelLd0PVSwxu77N5WSpFOEayWurbqldGthkY3COCBCAkQ0I9zsw4_XicsDyNfT938NxDZusz1IaTKKLtY1rBw490Vc6ofXkcKfE6U3BwJbwJ8g_xjMj0pUa6AcXJsK72u7mJqjeoOXBEZgK7uCKI641ZVyV4R7gS_dZuK9A>

Tara Henley 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkMFuhSAQRb_msasBRB0XLLrpbxhkxicpDw2MbezXF-ummckEAjd37vGO6bnl0-5bYXGNic-dbKLvEomZsjgK5SmgHVRvNIwg0BpU0IEIZVoy0cuFaDkfJPZjjsE7Dlu6FB2YUUuxWrkMo-xm9I56NGboJbazAzU6GLFV8jZ2BwZKnix9UT63RCLalXkvj_b9oT9ql2Mu7Pxn47dXve55W0KkelLd0PVSwxu77N5WSpFOEayWurbqldGthkY3COCBCAkQ0I9zsw4_XicsDyNfT938NxDZusz1IaTKKLtY1rBw490Vc6ofXkcKfE6U3BwJbwJ8g_xjMj0pUa6AcXJsK72u7mJqjeoOXBEZgK7uCKI641ZVyV4R7gS_dZuK9A>
Feb 16 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUt9zmzAM_mvC2zgwBsyDH9Jk2chGsrQsafrCGVsBJ_yqMU3JX1_TbLfbWSedLcn6JH2caShaNdKu7bU1qUyPHdAGrn0FWoOyhh5UJgUN3QAjEhFLUCxc4hNL9tlJAdRMVlSrAaxuyCvJmZZtM2X4BEfIsUqKcjiFLAwcCHEgGCJERIBDHIlQ-F5wuhdmg5DQcKDwBmpsG7AqWmrd9TNvPkMrI5opVkJTwWj3Q95rxi82b2vjYZ00-s01avrLmE9YXxQwPsGZeSvdXsDYJYxrl6P9-IyqS3xuvSQ9Osm58LeLq-TfoptYRd3LIg42ywJv0nhMlkUfN-vqeNg47BANJkfiDl1ieZXssHLM_X1z3rnJMn7fLL_efi7WHfcSuZXrqzjEepMWzjaNr1M89_Zyyuf1vjx6j12OsDzt7HyYs1Glr9lT5v5In48v3x-y6in6dU66_HUvnV0UPHbOw-_1PJ6hYNB11reD4mC6-TuHP-81CDnUU5dT-5akyEFG3MDFyEPERrYghBMAAUQQwaPcLsMbR43oZ9ipC_TfYC1FmdLGIRtDE8WqvpQnbXM2bTozAfXQSD1m0LC8AnEngb5z6RNAVkADynBMZExTQyDfYMHmRO5954YlmBDfYCSWqSxak9XQf3v-AJoL5FA> 
	Comment 
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A truck outside parliament in Ottawa, February 14. Ed Jones/AFP via 
Getty Images

It’s a moment unlike any I’ve experienced in my 20-year journalism 
career, or, indeed, my lifetime. In response to the ongoing trucker 
protests, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has invoked 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtUVHPpCAM_DXLm2ZldcUHHr6X-xumQtVmEQzUM96vv3p7oSFNpmWGGQeMS8qX3VNhdV8jXzvaiGcJyIxZHQXzSN72zbvVZjDK29Y3pjOKyjhnxA0oWM4Hqv2YAjlgSvHe6Ew76KdaLYLr-hmGZn5NPTp8N07Pbde_3vMM5tl8ieHwhNGhxd-YrxRRBbsy7-Xx-nnoX1Lneda84hLShBD9TVy7tAmyp0BMrkgLWZqA1Z5pw2qjSEW-UYlAj3BUnCpPxR2lVBg9xeVG3EcmppDcBzyW6iReq5lyYXlPkdVPLdW8m1a_tKl17Y1xBtGj8ca7YarX_o_T0ZdH-9wWXZdjKgzuc6tT2YokASiK1xlCWWnm2sFt1ygD2xGJrxEjTAH910n-BvLP23HBiFmC8iOwlRQ60dLKGf4bJ1a3xnSi0Shh9km2omXIsGIMeP0F8sGo0g> 
the Emergencies Act 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkdGOhCAMRb9meBujiDP4wMO-7G-YSuvILqKBuhP367eugdwGaHNvDh6YXms-3LYWVqcMfGzkEr1LJGbKai-Uh4Du2TyMtr1V6Aw2trMqlGHKRAuE6DjvpLZ9jMEDhzWdE501va7V7KyBevIEMJn2CWAI2xG77jFR39oG_WUMOwZKnhz9UD7WRCq6mXkrt_bjpj9lv9_vykMCBClypiSCtEHmhRLfv_bCwZNcnvml6FprKfUp12C500L5JT6Byh08VzMvUQV3tta6eTRGt9pWukJrvSVCsmjR92M1P3-9Tlhupl5euir7WBj8d-XXRWUnGeQhJOGZIZY5TCwhTySDNCx7CnwMlGCMhBctvqD_8xskEWX5DByAnZDuJIuR1TcXHMFprO0ko1XijKtMJceQYaYU6fgDSw-bJg>, 
which became law in 1988 and has never been used.

As the government prepares to take this to the House of Commons and 
Senate for a vote, a number of questions are being raised: Has the 
government met the legal standard for invoking this act? What does this 
move mean for our democracy? What does it mean for rights and freedoms? 
And: What precedent does this set?

To explore these questions — and this remarkable time in Canadian 
history — I reached out to the new executive director of the Canadian 
Civil Liberties Association 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkNuOrSAMhp9mcadRPMEFF3OzX8NUqEoGwUDdE-fpp2uctGkgPf39LBBuKd_mTIXEO8x0n2gifpWARJjFVTDP3pmpHXuptBLO9K5VgxK-zGtGPMAHQ_lCcV5L8BbIp_juGFSvZSN2A-OqG2fHUS6603Lp2lXDoCfXT93SNepZDJfzGC0a_I_5ThFFMDvRWV7dx0v-Y7c2QJ3yxs8zYylVxoBQ8C9VFeJzDoxUpVjRjhV_8sYzPZYKLHGd8EY2kr0d2152UtWydkpZhehQOeWsXup9-rYyuvLqm2OTdbkWnmw_a5sOkQ1k4oSPTC5DKLtfqbbwPn7mguOKnu4ZIywB3cOFHry_pGbWg5l1uhnIMNOBtfRsun0wMLheqYE1KsGbXeKuaAgy7BgD3j_f_pPD>, 
Noa Mendelsohn Aviv.

*For readers who may not be aware, what is the Emergencies Act, and what 
powers does it give the government?*

The Emergencies Act is a piece of legislation replacing an earlier, 
similar law called the War Measures Act. It allows the government to 
make decisions and take action — essentially bypassing the democratic 
process — where there is an urgent and critical need to do so in the 
case of a national emergency. Imagine a war, or flooding, or an ice 
storm that wipes out infrastructure. It’s not possible to get a 
legislature together and do things in an ordinary, transparent, and 
accountable democratic way. But things have to be taken care of; people 
have to be evacuated. That’s what the Emergencies Act is about, and 
that’s more or less how it describes itself on its terms.

*The Canadian Civil Liberties Association has taken the position that 
the federal government has not met the threshold necessary to invoke the 
act. Why do you believe that that standard has not been met?*

The standard that’s in the act is a very high one, for the reasons that 
we just discussed. It is not intended for governments to deal with 
difficult, or challenging, or even dangerous situations. We have 
policing laws. We have a large number of powers that are available to 
governments to use for all sorts of situations. Part of our concern here 
is that because we’ve been living through two years of the pandemic — 
and we did have a situation that affected everybody in Canada, and 
globally, and governments didn’t quite know what it was, and didn’t 
quite know if they could be in the same building, and didn’t quite know 
what to do, and pulled out emergency powers — people don’t think of it 
as abnormal, as much they used to. But we should. We should not be 
normalizing the use of emergency acts to deal with localized, specific 
challenges that can be addressed through law.

*The Order in Council 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkNGOpSAMhp9G7sYooAcvuNhkM69hKvQcyWI1UGfiPP32rBsaGmj_9s8XgPG1l8sfe2X1vma-DvSE3zUjMxZ1Vixziv7Rj1a7yanobezd4FSq87MgbpCy53KiOs4lpwCcdnorBmcn3anVIz7A2C6YxVgzDbZ7jnYMvRu70JvpAfdiOGNCCujxC8u1E6rsV-ajNuZXoz8l9hKx1I9EH2E_KaTcBiCIIEmqwAxh3ZC4PdajMf8_GvPb9sPYNXrMQC95Iqnkdacl-rG32mjX6jY6FxxiRBddDNPSro-foCnWxnbbS7f1XKrM-9OGfVPFQ2EpJBJ-BXJd05PFxhvBLA3bSYmvGQmWjPGmwzfkf7zmFxIWgR9nYC9kB_Fi5Uz9DUPwWecG8eiUbI67qMgzFFiRMl5_ActBk-8> 
makes the argument that this is an emergency, in part, because of 
economic harms: impacts on the economy, on critical infrastructure, on 
the relationship with trading partners, and on supply chains. What do 
you make of that argument?*

That’s the part that I find the most incomprehensible. Because the act 
sets out different criteria for defining a national emergency: seriously 
endangers the lives, health, or safety of Canadians, and is of such 
proportions or nature as to exceed the capacity or authority of the 
province to deal with it. Or seriously threatens the sovereignty, 
security and territorial integrity of Canada, and cannot be dealt 
effectively with under any other law of Canada. Then if you go further 
and look for a public order emergency, which they are saying that this 
is, it talks about threats to the security of Canada, and defines them 
as things like espionage, or clandestine foreign-influenced activities 
involving a threat to any person, and so on. I don’t see anywhere in 
those definitions: “It’s bad for the economy.”

*How significant is it that the Ambassador Bridge has already been cleared?*

I think it’s harder and harder for the government to say that there is 
an urgent and critical situation that cannot be addressed by any law in 
Canada, and that cannot be addressed by the provinces. I think what we 
also saw with those clearances in Alberta and at the Ambassador Bridge, 
was we saw some people who were part of the protest saying, “We have an 
issue that we wanted to protest about, that is true. But that doesn’t 
mean that all of us are dangerous, or carrying weapons, or part of a 
radical element that poses some kind of significant threat.”

We need to be sophisticated enough to understand the difference between 
peaceful protest that might still be disruptive, like environmental 
protest can be sometimes, like Indigenous land defence can be sometimes, 
like Black Lives Matter can be sometimes. That doesn’t make it 
non-peaceful. That doesn’t make it, in and of itself, violent. The fact 
that there may be unlawful activity by some of the people who are 
participating in this particular protest doesn’t make the entire protest 
a violent one.

We saw not only that the bridge was cleared, but also that some of the 
protestors said, “That part of it, that’s not us. We’re going to leave 
quietly and peacefully.” I don’t see how that can be defined as an 
urgent and critical situation. It’s already been resolved.

*The Canadian Civil Liberties Association takes the position that this 
action threatens democracy and civil liberties. Walk me through the 
thinking on that.*

Democracies require that decisions be made by democratically-elected 
representatives, in an open, transparent, and accountable process that 
the public has access to, and can influence. And can know about, and 
potentially change during that process, if they wish to respond to it 
and if their representatives wish to respond to it.

The Emergencies Act says there is something so big and so unwieldy and 
so urgent that we cannot get the democratically-elected representatives 
together to address it. We have to address it right now, without the 
democratic process. What this government is telling us is: not only are 
we going to bypass the democratic process and just make these decisions 
ourselves, but also we’re going to impose certain orders — according to 
their press conference — that say they can do certain things without a 
court order, like freezing people’s bank accounts. So, no democratic 
oversight, no legislative oversight, no judicial oversight.

As for violating civil liberties, first of all, we don’t even know the 
precise details of what they are going to be doing. But freezing 
people’s bank accounts without any kind oversight on who is 
participating in the protest — and is there a justification? — it sounds 
very much like government overreach. Turning over people’s private 
information to the security services engages the privacy rights that we 
have under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw9UcGOhCAM_ZrhNkZRVzxw2Mv-hqlQhayCgTrG_fqtY3ZDU6C80tdXA4RzTKfeYiZxuYHODXXAIy9IhEnsGdPgre6qj0aqXgmrG1upVgmfhykhruAXTWlHse3j4g2Qj-HKaFXTy1I4XQP09TQ2vTLd1I1owMq6ryaLVTWOpbkLw249BoMaX5jOGFAs2hFt-VF_PuQX23EchYEAFnjjOwZ274CH8HSYPMGMHGPKL28w89HF45n87Cg_txQJDaHl8Lx7i8__XOMgcbN_yKstG9dcOFoX4bUsJVv1UTWylqqQhVXKKMagssqafixc92NksPnRlOssi7yPmcB8FyauImn-nB98YLETLNn5ibiDS6-BAesePJ0DBhgXtLeUdE_kLe4wY8DEk7IDkOYxtMyl4dVXt3KsdaNUyxyV4MrMHHzQBAkchgXPX3R1qC8> 
in a way that seems excessive, where there is no accountability. We 
don’t know who is going to get caught up.

*I know you’ve done work in the past on freedom of expression. Are you 
concerned about the state of freedom of expression in this country?*

I think there’s a big answer and there’s a small answer. We’re concerned 
about all sorts of rights and freedoms. Because if this government can 
use this Emergencies Act for this blockade, who knows what a future 
government might use the Emergencies Act for that it doesn’t like, or 
that it doesn’t agree with, or that it considers to be an interference. 
Just the use of the emergencies order should make us really concerned.

The normalizing of emergency orders, and emergency powers, in itself is 
a concern for all rights and freedoms because we shouldn’t get used to 
those being used. We should say: The Pandemic happened, it was 
unprecedented, governments were scared, people were scared, but that is 
not how business is done in the political life of this country, of a 
democracy.

Speaking specifically about freedom of expression, we think that the 
right to protest is critically important for people who want to stand up 
for their rights. As I mentioned, whether it’s Indigenous land 
defenders, environmental activists, people who have issues with vaccine 
mandates, people who want reproductive justice, Black Lives Matter. 
There are many reasons why people need to get out there and have their 
messages heard. And sometimes those protests are going to be disruptive.

The right to freedom of expression, the right to peaceful assembly, is 
not an absolute right. Our charter does say that there are reasonable 
limits. Blockading roads for hours at a time might be understandable; 
blockading roads for months is likely going too far. What is a 
reasonable limit? The answer lies somewhere in between. But it cannot, 
and should not, be that a government is going to use an emergency order 
to freeze people’s bank accounts because this is a protest that they 
want to stop. That is a concern for freedom of expression, absolutely.

/This interview has been edited and condensed./

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