<div dir="ltr"><div>How sad to hear about the degradation of the CCLA. My dad was on the Board there for a couple of decades and I believe he was part of the original founding in the 1960s. (My dad was a political scientist and constitutional expert.)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div><i>Patricia Smiley<br></i></div><div><i>email: <a href="mailto:smileypatricia76@gmail.com" target="_blank">smileypatricia76@gmail.com</a><br></i></div><i>mobile: 647-517-1599<br></i></div><i> <br></i></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 9:29 AM Catherine Walther via Sundaycommunity <<a href="mailto:sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca">sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Be aware that the Canadian Civil Liberties Association is funded mainly by the Koch brothers, an American family who own Koch industries, one of the largest privately owned businesses in the US. They primarily also fund the Republican Party of the US. Just so you know, Catherine </div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 24, 2022 at 11:18 PM John Scandiffio via Sundaycommunity <<a href="mailto:sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca" target="_blank">sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Hello Art, a very interesting message to us and those who reviewed the<br>
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As Sent from my iPad<br>
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> On Feb 21, 2022, at 2:27 PM, Arthur Blomme via Sundaycommunity <<a href="mailto:sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca" target="_blank">sundaycommunity@lists.integralshift.ca</a>> wrote:<br>
> <br>
<br><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: Arthur Blomme <<a href="mailto:art@integralshift.ca" target="_blank">art@integralshift.ca</a>><br>To: Sunday Community <<a href="mailto:SundayCommunity@integralshift.ca" target="_blank">SundayCommunity@integralshift.ca</a>><br>Cc: <br>Bcc: <br>Date: Mon, 21 Feb 2022 11:27:04 -0800<br>Subject: 'Bypassing the democratic process' and hotmail test<br>
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<img src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjIwMjE2MTQyMzI4LjIuZDg4YzhlZWRlOGQ4ZGM5Yi5oN3pjMm5kc0BtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjcxNjQyODk4LCJyIjoiYXJ0QGludGVncmFsc2hpZnQuY2EiLCJkIjoibWcyLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSIsInAiOjQ4ODUyMjA4LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjU4NDkyMCwiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJpYXQiOjE2NDUwMjE0MTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoiZW8ifQ.OueU1IfkuwYdIS9ngDzfaPaF2Cm8vPJfdiXsg9CzjKM" alt="" style="height: 1px; width: 1px; border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="1" height="1" border="0">
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<td><font size="6">If you have a hotmail account and you
receive this please respond</font><br>
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<div style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:rgb(51,51,51);line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden">A Q&A on the Emergencies Act with Noa
Mendelsohn Aviv of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association
</div>
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<td style="padding:0px;text-align:center" align="center"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkUuP2jAQgH8NuREljhOcgw8tLBTEY1dCy7aXyBkPiSE4qe1sNvz6mnKoqnkc5q35QDisWjPyrrUueLjCjR1yjYNt0Dk0QW_RFEryWZxRwnIWSE5lzFIWKFucDeJNqIY702PQ9WWjQDjV6kdHymhOoqDmWZYCzAjEcGYlTQlJciYiGZeSnhkB9lwseqlQA3L8RDO2GoOG1851dpJ8m5ClVyeMqFE3OIa2L60TcA2hvflM560cO2Gt0tXU1TiVeGvB-Ftg2pkW0PoxS9deUU-SBY6bGMj7-EGa6_rSJrvjz2h3qdLDfFDitIx87Gt_eYt3i_XXfvFy3843HSQ7dVCbQZ7Wbn-sosNxPazVoCB5V75ewSq_y3k8_jotL3LVfJZqk4fuTcnod74dugxklr_9qJtFos8vK_e9X94_DrRhWL-a7aulgeIkIl7jLKYkISwkoWQMGKJEJpmEvAzr2R2IlnZCo1tF_vtCYLgwzieU9kyNaGytzi4E8cBS-IJbr5UbC9SibFA-ibkn-L8Miwo1-o-hLITjnnbqb6Fe8vgJyCOljHl8EQv8Ztn6Ls3_QfkDjkTI9A" target="_blank"><img role="presentation" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d8e4409-862e-47a5-bf86-994c851ccb29_3057x612.png" style="border: medium none; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;" width="550"></a></td>
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<h1><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkktzmzAQxz-NuZkB8bA4cEjsOiYpdJxxPXEujB4LyAZBJZFE_vSV6850OlrpoH39Z3_LiIF2VDafRm2821MbO0Eu4VP3YAwob9agasHzVZjGCGfY43nMQ5xgT-i6UQADEX1u1AzeNNNeMGLEKG8ZCY4zFHhdnnLUkIw3QUjDCMUkDVaMpk2aAs8oouG9MZm5AMkghw9QdpTg9XlnzKQX0cMCbZ0ZokgHsgfr65lqQ9jFZ-PgPJO71E5EayHbpelgyWEYmXJa2HJSIwPtymzNeAG5iDZgn0OGjvYN9ZfiPEbl4RSU5zb5sf4U7Cm78m02va-LtNq0cXUobLlpdTH0HXd_t9jq8GDLw_6rtJ-CvFVXV0Ow3VF8P_yMq83FlutCF7IKT6JIC_n4waK9YcOxO0WvE0WxaPY-JevguKP7hPUvslqeNT79ujzuvs3t5v2UPEX06-VZNVUZkMITOQqQszANYxQh7COfY8wwAAfMMWcZ9bvVlSHJ9SIOhhb9Nx9P5UQZ5xDS0Vak151ojM_IDVjtAoZZCmNrkIT2wO8szX0l_tCtW5DgZgm8JiZ3e5A4LbE72V90DnaMceI0Ys915qPLkvk_XL8BNNLRJA" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">'Bypassing the democratic
process'</a></h1>
<h3>A
Q&A on the Emergencies Act with Noa Mendelsohn
Aviv of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association</h3>
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<div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkMFuhSAQRb_msasBRB0XLLrpbxhkxicpDw2MbezXF-ummckEAjd37vGO6bnl0-5bYXGNic-dbKLvEomZsjgK5SmgHVRvNIwg0BpU0IEIZVoy0cuFaDkfJPZjjsE7Dlu6FB2YUUuxWrkMo-xm9I56NGboJbazAzU6GLFV8jZ2BwZKnix9UT63RCLalXkvj_b9oT9ql2Mu7Pxn47dXve55W0KkelLd0PVSwxu77N5WSpFOEayWurbqldGthkY3COCBCAkQ0I9zsw4_XicsDyNfT938NxDZusz1IaTKKLtY1rBw490Vc6ofXkcKfE6U3BwJbwJ8g_xjMj0pUa6AcXJsK72u7mJqjeoOXBEZgK7uCKI641ZVyV4R7gS_dZuK9A" target="_blank">
<div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_90,h_90,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd5ab9852-4c64-41b4-a33f-0c021affd032_4016x4666.jpeg" alt="" style="border: medium none; border-radius: 50%; display: block; height: 45px; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; width: 45px;" width="45" height="45"></div>
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<div><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkMFuhSAQRb_msasBRB0XLLrpbxhkxicpDw2MbezXF-ummckEAjd37vGO6bnl0-5bYXGNic-dbKLvEomZsjgK5SmgHVRvNIwg0BpU0IEIZVoy0cuFaDkfJPZjjsE7Dlu6FB2YUUuxWrkMo-xm9I56NGboJbazAzU6GLFV8jZ2BwZKnix9UT63RCLalXkvj_b9oT9ql2Mu7Pxn47dXve55W0KkelLd0PVSwxu77N5WSpFOEayWurbqldGthkY3COCBCAkQ0I9zsw4_XicsDyNfT938NxDZusz1IaTKKLtY1rBw490Vc6ofXkcKfE6U3BwJbwJ8g_xjMj0pUa6AcXJsK72u7mJqjeoOXBEZgK7uCKI641ZVyV4R7gS_dZuK9A" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">Tara
Henley</a></div>
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<td title="2022-02-16T14:23:31.517Z">Feb
16</td>
<td><span><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUt9zmzAM_mvC2zgwBsyDH9Jk2chGsrQsafrCGVsBJ_yqMU3JX1_TbLfbWSedLcn6JH2caShaNdKu7bU1qUyPHdAGrn0FWoOyhh5UJgUN3QAjEhFLUCxc4hNL9tlJAdRMVlSrAaxuyCvJmZZtM2X4BEfIsUqKcjiFLAwcCHEgGCJERIBDHIlQ-F5wuhdmg5DQcKDwBmpsG7AqWmrd9TNvPkMrI5opVkJTwWj3Q95rxi82b2vjYZ00-s01avrLmE9YXxQwPsGZeSvdXsDYJYxrl6P9-IyqS3xuvSQ9Osm58LeLq-TfoptYRd3LIg42ywJv0nhMlkUfN-vqeNg47BANJkfiDl1ieZXssHLM_X1z3rnJMn7fLL_efi7WHfcSuZXrqzjEepMWzjaNr1M89_Zyyuf1vjx6j12OsDzt7HyYs1Glr9lT5v5In48v3x-y6in6dU66_HUvnV0UPHbOw-_1PJ6hYNB11reD4mC6-TuHP-81CDnUU5dT-5akyEFG3MDFyEPERrYghBMAAUQQwaPcLsMbR43oZ9ipC_TfYC1FmdLGIRtDE8WqvpQnbXM2bTozAfXQSD1m0LC8AnEngb5z6RNAVkADynBMZExTQyDfYMHmRO5954YlmBDfYCSWqSxak9XQf3v-AJoL5FA" style="color:rgb(118,118,118);display:block;text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_28,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FHeartIconRounded%3Fv%3D3%26height%3D28%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2" style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 14px; max-width: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: auto;" alt="" width="14" height="14"></a></span></td>
<td><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUk1zmzAQ_TXmZgaEwOKgQ2LXMUmh447riXNhhLQG2SCoJJLgX19Rt9PpaKXDfj7te5xZqHs90aE31puf0k4DUAUfpgVrQXujAV1KQVdhghFJiScoFiGJiSdNedYAHZMttXoEbxirVnJmZa_mipjgFAVeQ6MkxasQcIygIumqwlicmQhjJgSLWQj3wWwUEhQHCu-gp16B19LG2sEsoocF2jqzTLMGVAuTb8bKWMavPu87FxncraaBGSNVvbQNLAV0PdcOC18OuudgjEtxyR0o6zpubX8FtYg2MD2HHB2nV9Res0sf5YdTkF_q-Nv6Q_Kn9Ca26fC2zpJiU-PikE35pjZZ1zbC-ebc4vAw5Yf9Zz59SPZa3FwPyXdH-fXwAxeb65SvM5OpIjzJLMnU4zuP9pZ3x-YUfR8qhOV571dsHRx31T7m7YsqlhdDTj-vj7svY715O8VPUfX58qzPRR6wbIGS0Xal6UfNwaH_u4Y__g6EHLv5VzMpnqQoQM7CJMQoQsRHviCEEwABRBDB08pvVjeOlDALHHQ1-m-vnqZMWxeQyqlEs9Y08mx9zmaiy3mXo5J2KkGxqgVx14C9S-k3gLIGBY4DECWz1OkndliwO2l4p9yJBBMSO4zEc5NF76oU_UfzL5do5Wg" style="color:rgb(118,118,118);display:block;text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_28,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FCommentIconRounded%3Fv%3D3%26height%3D28%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2" style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 14px; max-width: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: auto;" alt="Comment" width="14" height="14"></a></td>
<td><span><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUtuO2jAQ_RryRpQ4F5yHPLSwUBCXXQkt275Ejj0khsRO7cmy4evrLK3aymNLPnM_M5whVNoMeacteuNT4NBBruBmG0AE4_UWTCFFPgvTmNCMeiKPRUgT6klbnA1Ay2STo-nB6_qykZyh1Gr0SGickcCr8zJOIwJkNkt4IERSMpax-HyeEc5SGoblIzHrhQTFIYd3MINW4DV5jdjZSfRlQpZOkBlWg2pg8G1fWmT86nPdOk3nbjl0zFqpqinWMBXQam5cLXzaGc3BujDLHtvC6t5wmESLPyEmJB3xFoTsW4d_NvQb5FohKByta2bAoYyP7f0DoL7C-IdhE3LyOryR5rq-6Gh3_B7sLlVymN8kOy0Dh33sLy_hbrH-2C-e7tv5puPRTh7k5iZOa9wfq-BwXN_W8iZ59CqdveSr7C7m4fDjtLyIVfNeyk3m44sUwc9se-tSLtLs5VvdLCJ1flrh1355fzvEDYX62WyfbezJnATESZiGMYkI9YkvKOUUQAAVVPCs9OvZnRMl7CQO2or8x6xncmbQKaSjoTKssbU8o8_ZOGpHTtv2SuJQgGJlA-KxBfhYpk8aiwoUuCmAKBjmboMSV0vsThY-hu7WJKY0cTVSz2UW2nmp_O-gfwFyZucl" style="color:rgb(118,118,118);display:block;text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_32,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FRecommendIconRounded%3Fv%3D2%26height%3D32%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3Dnone%26strokeWidth%3D2" style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 16px; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px;" alt="Share" width="16" height="16"></a></span></td>
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<td style="text-align:center" width="1456" align="left"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUstupTAM_ZrLDgRJIGaRRVVpfgPlYSBTSJgktL39-prLapTIr8Q-lo-tLrjE9FRHzKW6xFSeB6qAX3nDUjBVZ8Y0eadkNwgGI1ROCddBD5XP05wQd-03VdKJ1XGazVtdfAxXRg9iZG21KjFwSY60cu44AuUOQMoM88itHMUNrE_nMVhU-InpGQNWm1pLOfKDvz3YH7rWhSafJhdtPxobdwr5XS9IesZi10tTmRIf7P3fbfC3JUZH_rxNR4pLwpz9J1I8F8SDMm4I1l8g_QVDwpz2A-k91dj2xlgQtdGa14JLrMe-g1o7w5lBKUcQTeaN3vVPDPor331RjXsYL_PVZH6ZjktnwUBNs2S1EHyoteVdbaRjg55x7qCdgPXDd9-3ovl74FJ5xVpGtxs6wTiDhjUOwAKiQ3Dg7GiaVf5YFlx-iHZf2H9TqpLSqdCDD0R20lte_Vwaqy--Jvqwn8GX54RBmw3dTWW5N-JF7rRgwESb4iZdFK1BT70IOmN3M0dcC2KVeoSKkF2krKCKTnrFsOHzFzFvx7k" rel="" style="border:medium none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration:none;width:auto" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_2912,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd37dc8b8-4282-4436-ac31-b7d26afef180_8256x5504.jpeg" style="border: medium none; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;" width="550" height="366.7925824175824"></a></td>
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A truck outside parliament
in Ottawa, February 14. Ed Jones/AFP via Getty
Images
</div>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">It’s a moment
unlike any I’ve experienced in my 20-year journalism
career, or, indeed, my lifetime. In response to the
ongoing trucker protests, <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtUVHPpCAM_DXLm2ZldcUHHr6X-xumQtVmEQzUM96vv3p7oSFNpmWGGQeMS8qX3VNhdV8jXzvaiGcJyIxZHQXzSN72zbvVZjDK29Y3pjOKyjhnxA0oWM4Hqv2YAjlgSvHe6Ew76KdaLYLr-hmGZn5NPTp8N07Pbde_3vMM5tl8ieHwhNGhxd-YrxRRBbsy7-Xx-nnoX1Lneda84hLShBD9TVy7tAmyp0BMrkgLWZqA1Z5pw2qjSEW-UYlAj3BUnCpPxR2lVBg9xeVG3EcmppDcBzyW6iReq5lyYXlPkdVPLdW8m1a_tKl17Y1xBtGj8ca7YarX_o_T0ZdH-9wWXZdjKgzuc6tT2YokASiK1xlCWWnm2sFt1ygD2xGJrxEjTAH910n-BvLP23HBiFmC8iOwlRQ60dLKGf4bJ1a3xnSi0Shh9km2omXIsGIMeP0F8sGo0g" rel="" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Prime Minister
Justin Trudeau has invoked</a> the <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkdGOhCAMRb9meBujiDP4wMO-7G-YSuvILqKBuhP367eugdwGaHNvDh6YXms-3LYWVqcMfGzkEr1LJGbKai-Uh4Du2TyMtr1V6Aw2trMqlGHKRAuE6DjvpLZ9jMEDhzWdE501va7V7KyBevIEMJn2CWAI2xG77jFR39oG_WUMOwZKnhz9UD7WRCq6mXkrt_bjpj9lv9_vykMCBClypiSCtEHmhRLfv_bCwZNcnvml6FprKfUp12C500L5JT6Byh08VzMvUQV3tta6eTRGt9pWukJrvSVCsmjR92M1P3-9Tlhupl5euir7WBj8d-XXRWUnGeQhJOGZIZY5TCwhTySDNCx7CnwMlGCMhBctvqD_8xskEWX5DByAnZDuJIuR1TcXHMFprO0ko1XijKtMJceQYaYU6fgDSw-bJg" rel="" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Emergencies Act</a>,
which became law in 1988 and has never been used. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">As the
government prepares to take this to the House of
Commons and Senate for a vote, a number of questions
are being raised: Has the government met the legal
standard for invoking this act? What does this move
mean for our democracy? What does it mean for rights
and freedoms? And: What precedent does this set? </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">To explore
these questions — and this remarkable time in
Canadian history — I reached out to the new
executive director of the <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkNuOrSAMhp9mcadRPMEFF3OzX8NUqEoGwUDdE-fpp2uctGkgPf39LBBuKd_mTIXEO8x0n2gifpWARJjFVTDP3pmpHXuptBLO9K5VgxK-zGtGPMAHQ_lCcV5L8BbIp_juGFSvZSN2A-OqG2fHUS6603Lp2lXDoCfXT93SNepZDJfzGC0a_I_5ThFFMDvRWV7dx0v-Y7c2QJ3yxs8zYylVxoBQ8C9VFeJzDoxUpVjRjhV_8sYzPZYKLHGd8EY2kr0d2152UtWydkpZhehQOeWsXup9-rYyuvLqm2OTdbkWnmw_a5sOkQ1k4oSPTC5DKLtfqbbwPn7mguOKnu4ZIywB3cOFHry_pGbWg5l1uhnIMNOBtfRsun0wMLheqYE1KsGbXeKuaAgy7BgD3j_f_pPD" rel="" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Canadian Civil
Liberties Association</a>, Noa Mendelsohn Aviv. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>For
readers who may not be aware, what is the
Emergencies Act, and what powers does it give the
government?</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The
Emergencies Act is a piece of legislation replacing
an earlier, similar law called the War Measures Act.
It allows the government to make decisions and take
action — essentially bypassing the democratic
process — where there is an urgent and critical need
to do so in the case of a national emergency.
Imagine a war, or flooding, or an ice storm that
wipes out infrastructure. It’s not possible to get a
legislature together and do things in an ordinary,
transparent, and accountable democratic way. But
things have to be taken care of; people have to be
evacuated. That’s what the Emergencies Act is about,
and that’s more or less how it describes itself on
its terms.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>The
Canadian Civil Liberties Association has taken the
position that the federal government has not met
the threshold necessary to invoke the act. Why do
you believe that that standard has not been met?</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The standard
that’s in the act is a very high one, for the
reasons that we just discussed. It is not intended
for governments to deal with difficult, or
challenging, or even dangerous situations. We have
policing laws. We have a large number of powers that
are available to governments to use for all sorts of
situations. Part of our concern here is that because
we’ve been living through two years of the pandemic
— and we did have a situation that affected
everybody in Canada, and globally, and governments
didn’t quite know what it was, and didn’t quite know
if they could be in the same building, and didn’t
quite know what to do, and pulled out emergency
powers — people don’t think of it as abnormal, as
much they used to. But we should. We should not be
normalizing the use of emergency acts to deal with
localized, specific challenges that can be addressed
through law. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>The <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkNGOpSAMhp9G7sYooAcvuNhkM69hKvQcyWI1UGfiPP32rBsaGmj_9s8XgPG1l8sfe2X1vma-DvSE3zUjMxZ1Vixziv7Rj1a7yanobezd4FSq87MgbpCy53KiOs4lpwCcdnorBmcn3anVIz7A2C6YxVgzDbZ7jnYMvRu70JvpAfdiOGNCCujxC8u1E6rsV-ajNuZXoz8l9hKx1I9EH2E_KaTcBiCIIEmqwAxh3ZC4PdajMf8_GvPb9sPYNXrMQC95Iqnkdacl-rG32mjX6jY6FxxiRBddDNPSro-foCnWxnbbS7f1XKrM-9OGfVPFQ2EpJBJ-BXJd05PFxhvBLA3bSYmvGQmWjPGmwzfkf7zmFxIWgR9nYC9kB_Fi5Uz9DUPwWecG8eiUbI67qMgzFFiRMl5_ActBk-8" rel="" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Order in
Council</a> makes the argument that this is an
emergency, in part, because of economic harms:
impacts on the economy, on critical
infrastructure, on the relationship with trading
partners, and on supply chains. What do you make
of that argument?</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">That’s the
part that I find the most incomprehensible. Because
the act sets out different criteria for defining a
national emergency: seriously endangers the lives,
health, or safety of Canadians, and is of such
proportions or nature as to exceed the capacity or
authority of the province to deal with it. Or
seriously threatens the sovereignty, security and
territorial integrity of Canada, and cannot be dealt
effectively with under any other law of Canada. Then
if you go further and look for a public order
emergency, which they are saying that this is, it
talks about threats to the security of Canada, and
defines them as things like espionage, or
clandestine foreign-influenced activities involving
a threat to any person, and so on. I don’t see
anywhere in those definitions: “It’s bad for the
economy.”</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>How
significant is it that the Ambassador Bridge has
already been cleared?</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">I think it’s
harder and harder for the government to say that
there is an urgent and critical situation that
cannot be addressed by any law in Canada, and that
cannot be addressed by the provinces. I think what
we also saw with those clearances in Alberta and at
the Ambassador Bridge, was we saw some people who
were part of the protest saying, “We have an issue
that we wanted to protest about, that is true. But
that doesn’t mean that all of us are dangerous, or
carrying weapons, or part of a radical element that
poses some kind of significant threat.” </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">We need to be
sophisticated enough to understand the difference
between peaceful protest that might still be
disruptive, like environmental protest can be
sometimes, like Indigenous land defence can be
sometimes, like Black Lives Matter can be sometimes.
That doesn’t make it non-peaceful. That doesn’t make
it, in and of itself, violent. The fact that there
may be unlawful activity by some of the people who
are participating in this particular protest doesn’t
make the entire protest a violent one. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">We saw not
only that the bridge was cleared, but also that some
of the protestors said, “That part of it, that’s not
us. We’re going to leave quietly and peacefully.” I
don’t see how that can be defined as an urgent and
critical situation. It’s already been resolved.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>The
Canadian Civil Liberties Association takes the
position that this action threatens democracy and
civil liberties. Walk me through the thinking on
that.</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Democracies
require that decisions be made by
democratically-elected representatives, in an open,
transparent, and accountable process that the public
has access to, and can influence. And can know
about, and potentially change during that process,
if they wish to respond to it and if their
representatives wish to respond to it. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The
Emergencies Act says there is something so big and
so unwieldy and so urgent that we cannot get the
democratically-elected representatives together to
address it. We have to address it right now, without
the democratic process. What this government is
telling us is: not only are we going to bypass the
democratic process and just make these decisions
ourselves, but also we’re going to impose certain
orders — according to their press conference — that
say they can do certain things without a court
order, like freezing people’s bank accounts. So, no
democratic oversight, no legislative oversight, no
judicial oversight. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">As for
violating civil liberties, first of all, we don’t
even know the precise details of what they are going
to be doing. But freezing people’s bank accounts
without any kind oversight on who is participating
in the protest — and is there a justification? — it
sounds very much like government overreach. Turning
over people’s private information to the security
services engages the privacy rights that we have
under the <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw9UcGOhCAM_ZrhNkZRVzxw2Mv-hqlQhayCgTrG_fqtY3ZDU6C80tdXA4RzTKfeYiZxuYHODXXAIy9IhEnsGdPgre6qj0aqXgmrG1upVgmfhykhruAXTWlHse3j4g2Qj-HKaFXTy1I4XQP09TQ2vTLd1I1owMq6ryaLVTWOpbkLw249BoMaX5jOGFAs2hFt-VF_PuQX23EchYEAFnjjOwZ274CH8HSYPMGMHGPKL28w89HF45n87Cg_txQJDaHl8Lx7i8__XOMgcbN_yKstG9dcOFoX4bUsJVv1UTWylqqQhVXKKMagssqafixc92NksPnRlOssi7yPmcB8FyauImn-nB98YLETLNn5ibiDS6-BAesePJ0DBhgXtLeUdE_kLe4wY8DEk7IDkOYxtMyl4dVXt3KsdaNUyxyV4MrMHHzQBAkchgXPX3R1qC8" rel="" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Canadian
Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a> in a way that
seems excessive, where there is no accountability.
We don’t know who is going to get caught up.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><strong>I
know you’ve done work in the past on freedom of
expression. Are you concerned about the state of
freedom of expression in this country?</strong></p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">I think
there’s a big answer and there’s a small answer.
We’re concerned about all sorts of rights and
freedoms. Because if this government can use this
Emergencies Act for this blockade, who knows what a
future government might use the Emergencies Act for
that it doesn’t like, or that it doesn’t agree with,
or that it considers to be an interference. Just the
use of the emergencies order should make us really
concerned. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The
normalizing of emergency orders, and emergency
powers, in itself is a concern for all rights and
freedoms because we shouldn’t get used to those
being used. We should say: The Pandemic happened, it
was unprecedented, governments were scared, people
were scared, but that is not how business is done in
the political life of this country, of a democracy.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Speaking
specifically about freedom of expression, we think
that the right to protest is critically important
for people who want to stand up for their rights. As
I mentioned, whether it’s Indigenous land defenders,
environmental activists, people who have issues with
vaccine mandates, people who want reproductive
justice, Black Lives Matter. There are many reasons
why people need to get out there and have their
messages heard. And sometimes those protests are
going to be disruptive. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The right to
freedom of expression, the right to peaceful
assembly, is not an absolute right. Our charter does
say that there are reasonable limits. Blockading
roads for hours at a time might be understandable;
blockading roads for months is likely going too far.
What is a reasonable limit? The answer lies
somewhere in between. But it cannot, and should not,
be that a government is going to use an emergency
order to freeze people’s bank accounts because this
is a protest that they want to stop. That is a
concern for freedom of expression, absolutely.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em>This interview has been edited and
condensed.</em></p>
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